Ethereum (ETH) , launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin and a team of developers, is one of the most influential and widely used blockchain platforms in the world. While Bitcoin introduced the concept of decentralized digital currency, Ethereum expanded the scope of blockchain technology by enabling the creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) . As the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, Ethereum has become the backbone of the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and countless innovative projects.